纯种哈士奇的外貌特征是什么？

注：西伯利亚哈士奇犬中文标准翻译自FCI标准英文版，该标准中文版已发布于CKU新官网-犬种百科

FCI-国际纯种犬标准第 270 号

SIBERIAN HUSKY

西伯利亚哈士奇

▲ 示例图，并不一定代表该犬种的理想类型

ORIGIN: U.S.A.

起源国：美国

UTILIZATION: Sledge dog.

用途：雪橇犬

FCI-CLASSIFICATION:

Group 5 Spitz and primitive types.

Section 1 Nordic Sledge Dogs.

Without working trial.

FCI分组：

第5组 尖嘴和原始犬种

第1类 雪橇犬

无工作犬测试。

GENERAL APPEARANCE:

The Siberian Husky is a mediumsized working dog, quick and light on his feet and free and gracefulin action. His moderately compact and well furred body, erect ears and brush tail suggest his Northern heritage. His characteristic gait issmooth and seemingly effortless. He performs his original functionin harness most capably, carrying a light load at a moderate speedover great distances. His body proportions and form reflect thisbasic balance of power, speed and endurance. The males of theSiberian Husky breed are masculine but never coarse; the bitches arefeminine but without weakness of structure. In proper condition,with muscle firm and well developed, the Siberian Husky does notcarry excess weight.

一般外貌：

中型工作犬，脚步轻快自如，动作优美。犬身适度紧凑，毛量丰，竖耳，尾如毛刷，这些都显出其具有适应寒冷地区生存的特点。其典型步态特征为平稳、轻松。这种犬通过戴上绳索来行使自己的初始职能，以适当速度长距离运输重量轻的物品。其身体比例和体形可以更好地发挥其在力量、速度和耐力方面的平衡性。公犬更具阳刚之美但气质温和；母犬则更具柔美性但体格不显柔弱。在适当的条件下，其肌肉坚实且发达，体重不应超重。

IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS:

- In profile, the length of the body from the point of the shoulder tothe rear point of the croup is slightly longer than the height of thebody from the ground to the top of the withers.

- The distance from the tip of the nose to the stop is equal to thedistance from the stop to the occiput.

重要比例：

- 侧面看，肩端至臀尖的身体长度略大于地面到肩隆端点的身体高度。

- 鼻尖至额段的距离等于额段到枕骨部的距离。

BEHAVIOUR / TEMPERAMENT:

The characteristictemperament of the Siberian Husky is friendly and gentle, but alsoalert and outgoing. He does not display the possessive qualities ofthe guard dog, nor is he overly suspicious of strangers or aggressivewith other dogs.

Some measure of reserve and dignity may be expected in the maturedog. His intelligence, tractability, and eager disposition make him anagreeable companion and willing worker.

行为/秉性：

友好、温和但不失机警，性格开朗。既不会表现出护卫犬的强烈占有欲，也不会对陌生人产生过度怀疑或攻击其它犬只。成年犬某些程度上会显得矜持、高贵。其聪明、温顺、热心使得其成为一种令人心悦的伴侣犬和任劳任怨的工作犬。

HEAD: 头部

CRANIAL REGION

颅部区域

Skull: Of medium size and in proportion to the body; sligthlyrounded on top and tapering from the widest point to the eyes.

头骨：中等大小，与身体成协调比例；头顶部略圆，自最宽处向眼部渐细。

Stop: Well defined.

额段：明显。

FACIAL REGION

面部区域

Nose: Black in gray, tan or black dogs; liver in copper dogs; may beflesh-coloured in pure white dogs. The pink-streaked « snow nose »is acceptable.

鼻：灰色、黄褐色或黑色被毛的西伯利亚哈士奇犬鼻子为黑色；毛色为红铜色的西伯利亚哈士奇犬鼻子颜色为深赤褐色；毛色纯白色的，其鼻子则为肉色。带有粉色痕的“雪鼻”可以接受。

Muzzle: Of medium length and of medium width, tapering graduallyto the nose, with the tip neither pointed nor square. The bridge of thenose is straight from the stop to the tip.

口吻：长度和宽度中等，至鼻子处渐细，口吻端不尖也不方。鼻梁自额段到鼻尖呈直线。

Lips: Well pigmented and close fitting.

嘴唇：色素沉淀较好、双唇紧闭。

Jaws/Teeth: Closing in a scissor bite.

颌/牙齿：紧扣的剪状咬合。

Eyes: Almond shaped, moderately spaced and set a trifle obliquely.Eyes may be brown or blue in colour; one of each or particolouredare acceptable.

Expression : Keen, but friendly, interested and even mischievous.

眼睛：杏仁状，间距适中，两个外眼角位置稍高。颜色为棕色或蓝色；两只眼睛颜色不同或为杂色也可接受。表情：灵敏、友好、有着强烈的好奇心甚至有些顽皮。

Ears: Of medium size, triangular in shape, close fitting and set highon the head. They are thick, well furred, slightly arched at the back,and strongly erect, with slightly rounded tips pointing straight up.

耳朵：中等大小，三角形，双耳位置较近，高竖于头部之上。耳厚，毛发浓密，耳背略拱起，双耳硬挺直立，耳尖处略圆，直指向上。

NECK: Medium in length, arched and carried proudly erect whendog is standing. When moving at a trot, the neck is extended so thatthe head is carried slightly forward.

颈部：中等长度，拱形，站立时颈部呈骄傲状竖起。小跑时，颈部前伸，头部也会因此略微向前。

BODY:

躯干：

Back: Straight and strong, with a level topline from withers to croup.Of medium length, neither cobby nor slack from excessive length.

背：直且强壮，肩隆至臀部间背线呈水平直线。中等长度，非短身型，亦不会长度过长而显松弛。

Loin: Taut and lean, narrower than the rib cage, and with a slighttuck-up.

腰: 紧实，窄于胸腔，略向上提。

Chest: Deep and strong, but not too broad, with the deepest pointbeing just behind and level with the elbows. The ribs are well sprungfrom the spine but flattened on the sides to allow for freedom ofaction.

胸：深且壮，但并非特别宽，最深处位于肘之后并与之齐平。肋骨自脊椎处扩张良好，但两侧平坦，这样可保证犬只行动自如。

Croup: Slopes away from the spine at an angle, but never so steeplyas to restrict the rearward thrust of the hind legs.

臀：自脊椎骨处向下倾斜成一定角度，且该角度不可太陡，以免限制后肢的后向推力。

TAIL: The well furred tail of fox-brush shape is set on just belowthe level of the topline, and is usually carried over the back in agraceful sickle curve when the dog is at attention. When carried up,the tail does not curl to either side of the body, nor does it snap flatagainst the back. A trailing tail is normal for the dog when in repose.Hair on the tail is of medium length and approximately the samelength on top, sides and bottom, giving the appearance of a roundbrush.

尾：狐狸般的尾巴，毛量丰富，位置稍低于背线。犬只在注意力集中时，通常会将尾巴举起过背，并弯曲成镰刀样。尾举起时，不会向身体任意一侧倾斜，也不会突然平贴在背上。休息时尾巴下垂属正常现象。尾毛中等长度，顶部、两侧及底部毛的长度基本相等，外观如同一个圆刷子。

LIMBS

FOREQUARTERS

四肢

前躯

FOREQUARTERS : When standing and viewed from the front, thelegs are moderately spaced, parallel and straight. Bone is substantialbut never heavy. Length of the leg from the elbow to ground isslightly more than the distance from the elbow to the top of withers.Dewclaws on forelegs may be removed.

前躯：站立时从前面看，双腿间距适当、平行且直。骨量足但不沉重。肘部到地面腿的长度略大于肘部到肩隆端的距离。前脚的狼爪可去除。

Shoulder and arm : The shoulder blade is well laid back. The upperarm angles slightly backward from point of shoulder to elbow, and isnever perpendicular to the ground. The muscles and ligamentsholding the shoulder to the rib cage are firm and well developed.

肩和臂：肩胛骨自然向后。上臂自肩端向肘部稍稍向后倾斜，不与地面垂直。肩部至胸腔间的肌肉和韧带坚实牢固、发达。

Elbow: Close to the body and turned neither in nor out.

肘：接近身体，不外翻也不内翻。

Pastern joint : Strong, but flexible.

骹关节：强健但不失灵活。

Pasterns : Viewed from the side, pasterns are slightly slanted.

掌骨（系部）：侧面看，略微倾斜。

LIMBS

HINDQUARTERS

四肢

后躯

HINDQUARTERS ：When standing and viewed from the rear, thehind legs are moderately spaced and parallel. Dewclaws, if any, areto be removed.

后躯：站立时自后面看，后腿间距适当且平行。如有狼爪，必须去除。

Thigh: Well muscled and powerful.

大腿：肌肉发达，强壮有力。

Stifle (Knee): Well bent.

后膝关节：弯曲度良好。

Hock joint: Well defined and set low to ground.

跖关节：轮廓清晰，位置低接近地面。

FEET：Oval in shape but not long. The paws are medium in size,compact and well furred between the toes and pads. The pads aretough and thickly cushioned. The paws neither turn in nor out whenthe dog is in natural stance.

后足：椭圆形但不长。脚掌中等大小、紧凑且趾与脚垫之间毛多。脚垫坚实、厚，缓冲力强。自然站立时脚掌不内翻也不外翻。

GAIT/MOVEMENT:

The Siberian Husky’s characteristic gait issmooth and seemingly effortless. He is quick and light on his feet,and when in the show ring should be gaited on a loose lead at amoderately fast trot, exhibiting good reach in the forequarters andgood drive in the hindquarters. When viewed from the front to rearwhile moving at a walk the Siberian Husky does not single-track, butas the speed increases the legs gradually angle inward until the padsare falling on a line directly under the longitudinal center of thebody. As the pad marks converge, the forelegs and hind legs arecarried straightforward, with neither elbows nor stifles turned in orout. Each’hind leg moves in the path of the foreleg on the same side.While the dog is gaiting, the topline remains firm and level.

步态/动态：

西伯利亚哈士奇的典型步态是平稳、轻松。其脚步轻快，比赛中牵绳不应紧，犬只以适当速度小跑，展现前躯良好的伸展力及后躯强大的驱动力。犬只行走时，我们自前向后看，可以发现其两侧的腿不在一条直线上，但随着速度的逐渐增加，腿会逐渐向内踩，最终脚会落在身体纵深方向中央下边的直线上。由于脚垫聚合，其前后腿径直向前伸出，肘和后膝关节不外翻也不内翻。每条后腿与同侧的前腿在同一条线上运动。当犬步行时，其背线稳固而平坦。

COAT

被毛

Hair: The coat of the Siberian Husky is double and medium inlength, giving a well furred appearance, but is never so long as toobscure the cleancut outline of the dog. The undercoat is soft anddense and of sufficient length to support the outer coat. The guardhairs of the outer coat are straight and somewhat smooth lying, neverharsh nor standing straight off from the body. It should be noted thatthe absence of the undercoat during the shedding season is normal.Trimming of whiskers and fur between the toes and around the feetto present a neater appearance is permissible. Trimming the fur onany other part of the dog is not to be condoned and should beseverely penalized.

毛质：

被毛为两层，长度适中，美观，但不可过长以免影响犬只利落清晰的外形轮廓。底毛柔软且密，长度适宜，足以支撑外毛。外层的保护性被毛直且光滑，不粗糙也不竖立。要说明的一点是在脱毛季节底毛缺失属正常现象。为使其外观整洁，可以对其胡须和趾间以及脚周围的软毛进行清理。不允许修剪其它部分的被毛，否则会严重影响成绩。

Colour: All colours from black to pure white are allowed. Avariety of markings on the head is common, including many strikingpatterns not found in other breeds.

毛色: 黑色到纯白色间的所有颜色均可接受。头部通常会有不同色的斑纹，其中包括许多在其它犬种中未曾有过的独特条纹，此种情况均属正常。

SIZE AND WEIGHT

尺寸和重量

Height at the withers:

Dogs: 21 to 23, 5 inches (53,5 - 60 cm). Females : 20 to 22 inches (50,5 - 56 cm).

肩高：

公犬：21-23.5 英寸（53.5-60厘米）

，母犬：20-22英寸（50.5-56厘米）

Weight::

Dogs : 45 to 60 pounds (20,5 - 28 kg). Females : 35 to 50 pounds (15,5 - 23 kg).

Weight is in proportion to height. The measurements mentionedabove represent the extreme height and weight limits with nopreference given to either extreme. Any appearance of excessivebone or weight should be penalized.

重量：

公犬：45-60磅（20.5-28公斤）

母犬：35-50磅（15.5-23公斤）

体重同高度成一定比例。以上提到的测量值为西伯利亚哈士奇犬高度和体重限制区间，但并非说最大值便是最佳。骨量或体重过大，超过上述标准将严重影响成绩。

FAULTS: Any departure from the foregoing points should beconsidered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should beregarded should be in exact proportion to its degree and its effectupon the health and welfare of the dog.

• Skull : Head clumsy or heavy; head too finely chiseled.

• Stop : Insufficient.

• Muzzle : Either too snipy or too coarse; too short or too long.

• Jaws/Teeth : Any bite other than scissor bite.

• Eyes : Set too obliquely; set too close together.

• Ears : Too large in proportion to the head; too wide set; notstrongly erect.

• Neck : Too short and thick; too long.

• Back : Weak or slack back; roached back; sloping topline.

• Chest : Too broad; « barrel ribs »; ribs too flat or weak.

• Tail : A snapped or tightly curled tail; highly plumed tail; tail settoo low or too high.• Shoulders : Straight shoulders; loose shoulders.

• Forequarters : Weak pasterns; too heavy bone; too narrow or toowide in the front; out at the elbows.

• Hindquarters : Straight stifles, cow-hocks, too narrow or too widein the rear.

• Feet : Soft or splayed toes; paws too large and clumsy; paws toosmall and delicate; toeing in or out.

• Gait/Movement : Short, prancing or choppy gait, lumbering orrolling gait; crossing or crabbing.

• Hair : Long, rough, or shaggy coat; texture too harsh or too silky;trimming of the coat, except as permitted above.

缺陷：任何与上述各点的背离均视为缺陷，其缺陷严重性严格地与其缺陷的程度及此缺陷对犬只的健康和福利造成的影响成比例。

•头盖骨：笨拙或沉重，轮廓过于精巧。

•额段：不明显

•口吻：太细或太粗；太短或太长

•颌/牙：非剪状咬合

•眼睛：两外眼角位置过高；间距过近

•耳：太大，与头部比例不协调；两耳间距过宽；不够直立

•颈部：太过短粗；太长

•背部：过软或向后斜；拱状背；背线斜

•胸：过宽，桶状胸；肋骨过平或弱

•尾：尾紧卷；羽毛状；尾根位置过高或过低

•肩：直；不紧实

•前躯：系部柔弱，骨过沉；前部过窄或过宽；肘外翻

•后躯：后膝关节直，牛肢，后部过宽或过窄

•脚：脚趾软或张开；脚掌过大或笨重；脚掌过小且弱；脚趾 外翻或内翻

•步态/动态：短、阔步、颠步，笨拙或摇摆；交叉或横向

•毛质：长、粗、杂乱；过粗或过滑；进行了不允许的修剪。

DISQUALIFYING FAULTS:

• Aggressive or overly shy dogs.

• Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified.

• Dogs over 23,5 inches (60 cm) and bitches over 22 inches (56cm).

失格缺陷：

• 有攻击性或过度羞怯

• 身体明显畸形或行为失常的犬只应视为失格。

• 公犬肩高超过23.5英寸（60厘米），母犬肩高超过22英寸（56厘米）

N.B.：

• Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fullydescended into the scrotum.

• Only functionally and clinically healthy dogs, with breed typicalconformation, should be used for breeding.

注：

• 公犬具备两个明显正常且完全置于阴囊的睾丸

• 只有身体机能以及临床表现健康的，具备典型犬种结构的犬只，才可用于繁殖。

▲ 犬只各部位名称（FCI标准通用）